Steps to writing a good essay: October 2019

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Week 2 discussion responses part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 discussion responses part 1 - Essay Example Agreed. Cellular discovery could be made possible only after the discovery of the microscope, an important land mark in the field of biology. Cells are the basic unit of life as stated by the Cell theory and the heredity material, the DNA enables one to pass the characters to the next generation. All these findings could be made possible because of the discovery of microscope to observe cellular details. Agreed. All living organisms are made up of cells and division of old cells forms the new cells. Cells are the most imperative part of living system not only for the formation of other cells but also for the formation of various cellular products such as hormones, enzymes and other metabolites which play vital role in the life of organisms. Yes. Discovery of microscope was the most important finding in the history of biological science as every living being is made up of cells, this could be revealed only after observing under the microscope. Similar cells aggregate to form tissues, they perform common task and secrete certain molecules, hormones and enzymes which possess important role in the metabolic and physiology of the organism. Cell is the fundamental unit of all living beings on the planet. They are microscopic in size, but are capable of performing all the basic functions of life. Single cellular organisms could perform all the functions for their survival, but with evolution of multicellular organisms, cellular functions got distributed and there is a division of work, enhancing the complexity of the living systems. In multicellular organisms, cellular co-ordination persists. This enabled the survival of the multicellular organisms to adapt themselves to the environmental alterations and modifications. An elaborated study of the cell and its detailed physiological and metabolic functions enabled one to understand the minor details of the

Monday, October 28, 2019

HR Activities: Nestle, Pakistan

HR Activities: Nestle, Pakistan Abstract The research pursues an eminent theme of human resource management, the costs and benefits of human resource activities in an organization. Importance of the HR-activities in an organization can not be under estimated, as the HR-activities directly or indirectly influence the performance of the organization. The following research will study the costs and benefits of HR-activities and its long-term and short-term influence on the performance of NestlÃƒ ©, Pakistan. The study will be useful in those organizations which prospect an increment in the performance related to the HR-activities. The study will also identify if which activities are beneficial and less cost incurring for the organization, and how managers can make the investment decisions regarding the HR-activities. The positivism along with qualitative method of research have been adopted for the study, data will be collected from primary and as well as secondary resources. Research will be pursuing the objectives of the stu dy and will contribute to the vast subject of human resource management, namely the Human resource activities, the costs and benefits associated and its influence on the performance and management decisions. 1. Introduction: 1.1. NestlÃƒ ©: The Case under Discussion NestlÃƒ © headquartered in Switzerland, is a multinational organization carting the human needs and having its substantial presence in more than 86 larger countries of the world. NestlÃƒ © has been serving Pakistani consumers since 1988. With market capitalisation increasing yearly at average rate of 28% till 2008, NestlÃƒ © Pakistan having great diversity of workforce, employed 2377 people in 2008, with a net profit of 3005 (PKR) billion, which grew by 94% in 2009, Nestle shared 20.7 % of its profit to its employees in 2009. NestlÃƒ © Pakistan has designed a number of programs to develop the human resources activities e-g world-wide training programs, benefit and compensation programs, adoption of new technologies etc. The following research will look into the costs and benefit of HR-activities of NestlÃƒ © Pakistan, how these activities are conducted, invested and developed to achieve the objectives of the HR-unit and organization as a whole. 1.2. Background Good people produce good customers; is the philosophy of modern era. Efficient and effective human resources are vital for the successful organizations. An organization is said to be exultant if its human resources activities enhance its performance. It is very difficult task to manage the human resources in competitive and challenging environment. Organizations should consider specific proportion of the profit for investment in Human Resources to achieve high returns. Human resource activities mean the actions performed within all functions of the human resource management. Usually Human Resource activities include Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, and Human Resources Information Systems. The reason of the following research is to study the costs and benefits of the HR-activities of NestlÃƒ ©, Pakistan, to know that how NestlÃƒ © develop and use its HR-activities to run its business successfully. What value the HR-activities are adding towards the NestlÃƒ ©. 1.3. Rationale HR activities play key role in the development of organizational performance. So investment in Human Resource activities is an important decision to achieve the various objectives of the organization. However, investing without setting the clear objectives can prove to be disastrous for the business. Cost-benefit analysis should be kept in consideration before making the investment plan for HR-activates. NestlÃƒ © has strived to achieve the best results through the strong strategies related to the investment in HR-activities. The intention to conduct this research is to explore the issues related to the costs and benefit of HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©, how NestlÃƒ © develop its cost-benefit analysis, how it makes its HR related decisions and to what extent these decision are successful. NestlÃƒ © has to evaluate the cost and benefit of an activity before investing in it, e-g should Nestle invest in training of existing employees or recruit new people with the required skills. To know whether to invest in the training program or in the recruitment program, organization must project the costs and possible benefits of the both HR-activities, and then take the relative decision. The research will probe that how NestlÃƒ © decides about the human resource activities, how it considers the costs, benefits, and how it decides that whether the activity will be outsourced or will be performed within the organization. The research will be helpful to the small and large organizations working in the same industry. It may help managers about how to decide about investing the different HR-activities and what could be the possible choices and ways they can perform these activities, and which activities can be beneficial and less cost incurring. The research has been divided into five sections, after covering the detailed introduction, the next section will discuss the preliminary review of the literature, and the third section of the research will cover the methods. Fourth section of the research will consist of the interpretations and findings and fifth section of the research will comprise of the discussion, limitations and recommendations. 1.4. Research Question The research will focus on the costs and benefits of the human resource activities at NestlÃƒ ©, Pakistan. Hence the research question is, Why to invest in the HR-activities, the costs and benefits of HR-activities at NestlÃƒ © Pakistan. 1.5. Aims and Objectives Besides pursuing the research problem, the research will pursue the following aims and objectives: To elaborate that which human resource activities are being conducted at NestlÃƒ ©. How these activities affect the overall performance of NestlÃƒ ©. To investigate that how NestlÃƒ © make investment decisions about different HR-activities To explore that how much human resources costs to NestlÃƒ © and how much return the it is getting back from these activities in both monitory and non monitory terms, and which are the activities giving higher return and incurring lower costs at NestlÃƒ © To describe that how NestlÃƒ © , Pakistan is deciding about the HR-activity, whether it is out sourcing the activities or performing it within the organization To discuss the issues related to human resources at NestlÃƒ © To achieve the following objectives, firstly research will study the organization (NestlÃƒ ©) thoroughly, its HR Unit, and HR-activities will be studied deeply, and related data will be gathered from available resources to achieve research objectives. 2. Preliminary Review of the Literature Human resources are the part and parcel of the management from the day of commencement of the idea of a business; According to Guest (1997) human resources are required to carry the business activities of the organization. In the past, HRM was known as the personnel management. However, with the advent of humanistic movement the concept of personnel management was broadened and it covered many other aspects which were not included previously in the subject. It was the time when HRM was realized as a vital part of the business to sustain. It was the time when researches on recruitment, wages, leave and leisure were revised, Employees and employers relations were redefined and concepts of monetary benefits for the workers were introduced with social benefits. Today human resources are considered the most important asset of an organization and the philosophy of having good human resources is vital to ensure the good customers and better performance of the organization. 2.1. HR Activities: Human resource activities are the functions and actions performed with in the business by the people of the organization. Armstrong (2006) conducted a study; the purpose of the study was to analyse the importance of the activity and suggest the HR-managers to evaluate the benefit of the HR-activity under consideration. Human resources in any organization have to perform some stereo type functions like Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, employees planning, selection, interviews, placement, transfers, development and Human Resources Information Systems etc., and a crucial practice is to calculate the benefit of each single activity, because every organization incurs a cost on each HR-activity. The justification of the existence of the activity must be provided. In the broader perspective it is one of the basic jobs of HR department in the recent era of high competition to justify the existence of a particular activity to interpret the costs incurred and benefits gained out of the activity. Study concluded that without calculating the benefit for a HR-activity, organization may invest or incur cost on a wasteful activity and benefit out of that activity may be less than the cost incurred. Managers should first conduct the cost-benefit of the activity; this way organization minimizes the wastes. 2.2. Why to invest in HR-activities? There might be an argument as to why invest in HR-activities, which activities to be invested in and why? Amit and Shoemaker (1936) conducted a study according to which, human resources becomes the invisible tools to promote the organization and develops the core competencies. According to Becker et al. (2001), the purpose of the study was to know that how investments in HR-functions create value through out the organization. It directs the managers to project that which activity should be invested and why. Managers should clarify their goals before embarking on costing a project to ensure that the return over the investment exceed the cost. The more worthwhile activity according to the authors is to calculate the cost-per-hire or to determine the most effective way to increase employee competencies (training) in a certain area; HR-score card can also help managers to identify the most salient HR achievable(s) and deliverables. These elements should be primary focus of cost-benefit analysis of the HR-activities; strategic importance, financial significance, widespread impact, links to a business element of considerable variability, focus on a key issue, problem, or decision facing line managers. Study concluded that the HR-activities influence the over all performance of the organization, so when investing in these activities managers should keep in view that how a particular activity will be beneficial for the organizational performance and for its long term and short term objectives. According to Arthur (1994), the role of HR-activities for the organization is very crucial. This causality may or may not be calculated in term of money only. The monetary or non-monetary aspect of the correct selection of the activity could lead towards the corresponding performance of the selected activity and the benefit towards the organizational goals. For example, the training cost incurred on an employee can be seen as expenditure but when these employees help the organization to have a competitive advantage, it is not calculable in terms of money only, but it will enhance the performance of the organization may be in terms of higher quality of the product, higher productivity, lower absenteeism, lower turn over or greater satisfaction from the job. So the research concluded that it is necessary to invest into the HR-activities. However; According to Barney (1986), organizations that compare the costs and benefits of these HR activities, Should keep into consideration that the benefits out of the HR-activities will be received into the future. 2.3. Cost-benefits of HR practices: All HR practices involve a substantial level of costing but there is a resultant benefit out of the activities for the organization. The realization of the cost of the whole process or any of the practice therefore may easily be identified but the benefits of the whole process and its parts, are not identifiable just in terms of money but there can be some non-monetary benefits as well, (Becker and Gerhart, 1996). Boudreau (1990) conducted a research; the purpose of the research was to apply the cost-benefit analysis to HRM decisions. Cost-benefit analysis is a technique through which the decisions regarding the human resources activities can be made. The cost and benefit analysis consist of the relevant cost of the activity and the benefit out of it, which assist in decision making. It is widely used to make consistent, organized and accurate decisions. Although most of the decision making techniques focus on dollar value but the cost-benefit analysis can be used to improve the decisions and can make usage of the information more effective. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis is a simple method that assists to recognize the positive and as well as the negative outcomes of the decision choices to improve the quality, efficiency and communicability of the decision. The research concluded that the cost-benefit analysis can be used; to justify the expenditure on HR-activities and programs, it can he lp in improving the quality of the human resources, it can help in decision making regarding the investment in alternative HR-activities (such as training versus selection, or two different compensation systems), it can help in managing the uncertainty and reduces the risk of failure, and it can help in determining that when to invest in human resources and to forecast the outcomes. Further the research concluded that the cost-benefit models are compatible with financial analysis, but they are different from human resource accounting, because it focuses on HR-decisions. According to Rauschenberger and Schmidt (2005), methods that allow estimating the dollar impact of human resource programs are now available to Industrial-Organizational psychologists and other human resource professionals. These Dollar estimates have been established for numerous recruitment, selection and training programs. But even then the large part of the work has gone unobserved by typical business communities. The human resource professionals and Industrial-Organizational psychologists are unable to communicate their research findings in a clear and credible way to organizational decision makers. The research concluded that Industrial-Organizational psychologists and other technical human resource professionals should place more emphasis on adequately communicating cost-benefit estimates to managers and other organizational decision makers, to improve the decision making regarding the HR-activities. Cost-Benefit Analysis can also help in knowing that whether it would be beneficial for an organization the in-house production of its HR-activities or not and what will be the cost-benefit of outsourcing it. Brown and Wilson (2005) have defined the outsourcing as the act of obtaining services from an external source, while elaborating information technology (IT) outsourcing Kern and Willcocks (2000) state that outsourcing is the practice of contracting out or selling the organizations IT assets, people and/or activities to a third party supplier for monetary payments over an agreed time period. Patry et al., (1999) conducted a study in Canada to develop and estimate a descriptive model of Human resource outsourcing. Six HR-activities were taken into consideration: Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Labour Relations, and Human Resources Information Systems. As per the question that what will determine that whether the organization should outsource the HR-activities are not, the field of the organizational analysis, strategy formulation methods and transaction-cost theory were used. The results of the study indicated that the factors of the outsourcing the HR-activities are specific to each type of activity. Prior experience of the organization with outsourcing the other activities, business stability/instability, and the existing union have a powerful influence over the decision that which activity will be out sourced and which will not be out-sourced. However cost-benefit analysis can also be used to compare the costs of performing the HR-activities in-house or outsou rce it, and benefits against the both can be compared to improve the decision. The previous research has identified many HR-activities but the following research will only discuss the major HR-activities; Payroll, Benefits, Recruiting, Training, Human Resources Information Systems and the costs-benefits of the following HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©, Pakistan, in order to achieve the prescribed objectives of the following research. 3. Methodology It is very significant to plan which data will be useful and how it will be collected to achieve research objectives. The data in the following research follows case study on human Resources. Mostly this research covers qualitative method and will include quantitative, if needed in future to obtain research objective. 3.1. Data Collection Methods The following sources are used to collect the data, in order to achieve the objectives of the study. Primary Research Secondary Research 3.1.1 Primary Research Primary data will be collected to gather information about the HR-activities and to conduct cost and benefit analysis. The research will assemble the results by the study of NestlÃƒ ©s website and case studies of NestlÃƒ © Pakistan and will conduct interviews with peoples working in different sections of NestlÃƒ ©, by online communication, phone calls, emails, instant massaging. 3.1.2 Secondary Research Secondary research will help the researcher to obtain the data which will covers different aspects of the research topics. Following sources will be used to collect the data; online HR journals and articles, newspapers, books, publications of NestlÃƒ ©, magazines, financial statements, business news letters, articles, annual reports and records. 3.2. Instruments The following Instrument will used in the study: 3.2.1. Interviews The research will use online interviews to collect the required data. Following questionnaire will be used to collect latest and effective information about the subject area. What are the Human Resource activities being conducted at the NestlÃƒ ©? What Role the HR- activities play at NestlÃƒ © and generally why these activities are important in any organization? What are, the investment decisions regarding the HR-activities and how they are made? How costs-benefit analysis is conducted at NestlÃƒ ©? What is monetary performance of the organization regarding the HR-activities? Which activities are the value additives and less cost incurring? What are the non-monetary benefits of the HR-activities? Can these activities be conducted differently? If yes then why? What innovations can be brought into the ways of conducting the HR-activities? Does NestlÃƒ © need to conduct the activities in a particular fashion according to its operation or it just do it conventionally? What are the various possible alternatives of the current HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©? Does NestlÃƒ © consider the ethical issues regarding its HR-activities? What is NestlÃƒ ©s philosophy about the worldly issue changing the machines with human beings? What are other issues related to the HR activities? How the issues related to HR-activities are handled at NestlÃƒ ©, Pakistan? Does NestlÃƒ © consider the cultural constraints, demographics, geographic, various labour laws, environmental constraints, while making policies related to HR-activities? What cultural, environmental and geographical constraints might affect the HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©? How these constraints are handled? 3.2.1.1. Interviews framework The interviews have been scheduled as follows, to complete the primary research and to collect maximum information possible related to the following research. Table: 3.1. Interview Framework No. Interview Date Interview Time Interviewee Name Designation of Interviewee 1 22,September,2010 12:00 pm Raymond Franke Chief Financial Officer 2 24,September,2010 3:00 pm Uzma Qaiser Butt Head of Human Resources 3 25,September,2010 3:00 pm Ali Sadozai Head of Legal Affairs No. Interviewee Name Responsibilities Discussion Topics 1 Raymond Franke Manages the finance department, facilitate the investment decisions, sets the profit goals, financial goals, finance the business operations etc. Investment decisions regarding the HR-activities; how they are made? How costs-benefit analysis is conducted at NestlÃƒ ©? Monetary performance regarding the HR-activities Value additives and less cost incurring activities 2 Uzma Qaiser Butt Head of Human resource department handles all the issues related to the human resources, plan, career development, organizational development, people development, compensation and benefit programs and all HR-functions are handled under her supervision. What are the Human Resource activities? Role of HR- activities at Nestle Non-monetary benefits of the HR-activities Can these activities be conducted differently? If yes then why how? What innovations can be brought into the ways of conducting the HR-activities? Does NestlÃƒ © need to conduct the activities in a particular fashion according to its operation or it just do it conventionally? What are the various possible alternatives of the current HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©? What is NestlÃƒ ©s philosophy about the worldly issue changing the machines with human beings? 3 Ali Sadozai Looks after and handles all the legal affairs of the company, related to all departments including finance, HR and marketing. Does NestlÃƒ © consider the ethical issues regarding its HR-activities? What are other issues related to the HR activities? How the issues related to HR-activities are handled at NestlÃƒ ©, Pakistan? Does NestlÃƒ © consider the cultural constraints, demographics, geographic, various labour laws, environmental constraints, while making policies related to HR-activities? What cultural, environmental and geographical constraints might affect the HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©? How these constraints are handled? 3.2.2. Other instruments Required data will also be collected from: Calculated costs and benefits from HR-score cards (last 5 years) ROI(s) Financial statements (2005-2010) Published Business news letters Articles Annual reports and records 3.3. Sample of the study As the research is about the case of NestlÃƒ ©, related to the costs and benefits of its HR-activities, hence the sample of the study is NestlÃƒ © Pakistan. 3.4. Techniques of the Analysis Due to the most up-to-date information primary research data is considered more reliable and significant. To check the validity of the data, contents of the data will be checked through face- validity technique which involves an expert opinion and the expert opinion will be taken from NestlÃƒ ©s Head of Legal Affairs; Mr. Ali Sadozai, after taking the notes from the interview. 3.5. Strengths of the Methodology The strength of the research methodology depends upon the relevance with the topic and objectives of the study. The following methodology provides all the relevance provided; the requisite data is retrieved from the quarter concern. As the data is to be gathered from the internal sources of the organization, it is therefore supposed that management and the staff will facilitate with the required data, the best results may be achieved, as the source of the data is quite reliable. 3.6. Ethical Considerations As the research focuses on role of HRM in multinational, no ethical issues is involved in the study apparently, however, if during the course of the study any ethical issue arises, then it will be dealt in accordance with the best practices available. 3.7. Project plan The research has been planned as follows, and will be completed with the given objectives and concerns. The time schedule will be strictly followed, in order to conduct the research successfully. S. # Month( Days) Task 1. August 25-30 Introduction 2. September 01-15 Literature review 3. September 21-29 Methodology 4. October 01 -15 Data collection, Analysis 5. October 18 -28 Conclusion and Finalizing 6. November 01-15 Proof reading 4. Analysis Data collected through primary research is usually considered as important because of the high reliable source of the data, besides it also provides up-to-dated information. So secondary data will be used to support the research objectives and primary data will be collected to deeply analyse the issues. The following research will cover the in depth analysis of the issues raised into the research, using primary and secondary sources of data to fulfil the various objectives of the research effectively. 5. Conclusion The following research will analyse the issues regarding the HR-activities at NestlÃƒ ©, Costs-Benefits of these activities for NestlÃƒ © and for other organizations in general, and will probe that what are the issues which the other organizations working on same level and in same industry might face. The research will then provide the various recommendations and suggestions and limitations of the following research to help the future researcher to increase the effort in the following subject area.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Essay --

Fight for your life More times than not people take their life for granted and never think twice about it. Life changes right before you, often times you don't get a warning sign or a flashing caution lights, screamingÃ¢â‚¬ watch out.Ã¢â‚¬ Sometimes there is nothing you can do to prevent life from hitting you like a five ton semi truck. You find your true strength only when being strong is the only choice you have. Waking up to half of your hair, now laying on your pillow, no longer attached to you. Struggling to pull your weak, fragile self out of bed, you must run to the bathroom because you are nauseated, yet you have no strength to actually get yourself there. Excruciating pain , uncomfortable , no energy and very weak. Not every day is like this , but majority of them seem to be . It feels as if there is a demon trapped inside you an enemy, something I cannot explain, sucking the life right out of me. Looking in the mirror a stranger stares back at me, Pale skin, bald head, fragile, girl who looks diseased, sickly and almost inhuman. I did not always look like this; I was once a very beautiful, fair skinned girl with long blonde hair. It not only changes your appearance but it changes your entire life. Undergoing countless scans , tests that seem never ending, lights flashing , machines beeping ., needles jabbing your already bruised arms. Sitting through four sometime's five hours of chemotherapy , while hooked up to countless bags of medicine being shot through your veins. Surgery after surgery, praying you will wake up after this one and praying this will be the last. It is a long dark scary road to recovery and many do not make that journey. My entire world changed with the b... ...ught if I could touch just one cancer patients life it would mean the world to me. I have now worked with cancer patients for many years, shared my experience and helped others through their journey down the long dark scary road to recovery. I have touched many lives ,some who remain in this world and have survived and many who have lost their battle while traveling the long dark road. I have helped spread awareness and have given many hope. Truth is many of us take life for granted, only until we face death head on. Life changes as fast as you can blink. Stop, slow down and enjoy your life . Dont let the small disasters stress you out . Cherish every second you are given because waking up tomorrow is never guaranteed. Count your blessings daily , instead of focusing on what you don't have. In a split second your life could come to a screeching halt.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Florence Nightingale Essay

Florence Nightingale was a revolutionary nurse leader in her time. She was an activist for the Ã¢â‚¬Å"sick poorÃ¢â‚¬ (Monteiro, 1985, p. 181) who had the forethought, organization, planning, skills, knowledge, and determination to accomplish great strides in public health and nurse training. She was not just an activist for a specific gender or race, but she was an advocate for the general health and well-being of humanity. Her work still inspires nursing today and has laid the foundation for many nurse theories still relevant for what is now more than a hundred years after her death. History and Contributions Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 to an upper-class family in England. FlorenceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s childhood years were spent bringing aid to the less fortunate. She left home at the age of thirty to begin a 3-year nurse training program in Kaiserswerth, Germany (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 29). Florence is best known for her work in the Crimean War where she and a group of untrained women went to assist the wounded and sick soldiers in Scutari, Turkey. While in Scutari, her theory surrounding the impact that environment had on health began to take shape. She used her understanding of the impact of environment on health, coupled with statistical evidence she gathered while caring for the soldiers, to bring change to the British Army (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 30). Her experience during the Crimean War would prove to be invaluable to her later work in London. The Crimean War ignited a passion in Florence Nightingale to pursue the proper training for nurses. It was her belief that nursing could not be accomplished by well-meaning, upper-class women who came to bring aid to the Ã¢â‚¬Å"sick poorÃ¢â‚¬ (Monteiro, 1985, p. 184). In her words, Ã¢â‚¬Å"there is no such thing as amateur nursingÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"nursing was an art requiring an organized, practical, and specific trainingÃ¢â‚¬ (Monteiro, 1985, p. 184). In 1860, Florence began a nursesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ training program at St. ThomasÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ Hospital in London. Her training program was the first of many of its kind in England and in the United States (Chitty & Black, 2011, p. 30). Florence would go on to pursue social reform in London and Liverpool where workhouses housed infirmaries that were rampant with infectious diseases. In 1864, there were 1,200 Ã¢â‚¬Å"sick poorÃ¢â‚¬ being housed together in a Liverpool workhouse infirmary (Monteiro, 1985, p. 181). Florence was asked by William Rathbone, a wealthy merchant, to devise public policy that would address the conditions these Ã¢â‚¬Å"sick poorÃ¢â‚¬ were living in. Her first recommendation to Rathbone was that he start a training school for nurses so that the problem in Liverpool could have long-term attention from properly trained nurses. Florence agreed to help and began with a questionnaire for all of the workhouses to assess the actual state that they were in. According to Florence, the questionnaire Ã¢â‚¬Å"revealed facts so shameful that they could not be ignoredÃ¢â‚¬ (Monteiro, 1985, p. 182). Her plan involved dividing the sick into four categories and quarantining them from the rest of the workhouse inhabitants, establishing one administration over all the workhouses to maintain continuity, and raising funds through taxes to cover the expenses involved in caring for the Ã¢â‚¬Å"sick poorÃ¢â‚¬ (Monteiro, 1985, p. 182). While her plan was reasonable, it was met with political opposition in London and soon a leadership change would decline itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s acceptance into Ã¢â‚¬Å"Poor LawÃ¢â‚¬ . Later, the new leader, Gathorne Hardy, would write his own policy that somewhat resembled FlorenceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s. His policy made it into law and brought forth the beginning of change in London. Liverpool, however, was enforcing FlorenceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s plan and was seeing positive results. One of the graduates of the St. Thomas nursing school, Agnes Jones, was placed as the Superintendent over the Liverpool workhouse infirmaries along with twelve other trained nurses to assist her. Florence would continue her pursuit of establishing the nurseÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s proper role in public health and the nurseÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s proper training in eleven writings that she authored until her last in 1897. Summary Florence Nightingale had a central theme from the time of the Crimean War to her work in London and Liverpool: trained nurses were an absolute necessity and that the sick should be met where their sicknesses began, at home. She believed that teaching the poor to be clean and find assistance with sanitation would deter the many infectious diseases that were prevalent in her time. She taught others and she herself sought to teach them in their own environment, their homes. This would later be called Public Health Nursing. Not only did Florence Nightingale forge the way for nurse education but she also brought necessary focus to Public Health Nursing that is still impacting nurses and our communities today. In 1894 Florence is quoted as saying, Ã¢â‚¬Å"it is cheaper to promote health than to maintain people in sicknessÃ¢â‚¬ (Monteiro, 1985, p. 185). Her words still ring true today. References Chitty, K. K., & Black, B. P. (2011). The History and Social Context of Nursing. In M. Iannuzzi (Ed.), Professional Nursing: Concepts & Challenges (6th ed., pp. 29-30). Maryland Heights, Missouri: Saunders Elsevier. Monteiro, L. A. (1985, February). Florence Nightingale on Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 75(2), 181-186. doi: http://ajph.aphapublicati

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

How Is Power Sharing Done in India Essay

In India power is devided among central and state goverment . the power of central goverment is devided into 3 institution ie legislature judiciary and executive. Power Sharing in India: India is a democratic country. People of India elect their representative through direct franchise and representatives elect the government to make or amend rules & regulations and to carry out day to day functioning of governance. One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-governance. In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, it follows that in a democracy political Forms of power sharing power should be distributed among as many citizens as possible. Power Sharing in Different Organs of Government: Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Let us call this horizontal distribution of power because it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise unlimited power. Each organ checks the others. This results in a balance of power among various institutions. For example, ministers and government officials exercise power, they are responsible to the Parliament or State Assemblies. Similarly, judges can check the functioning of executive or laws made by the legislatures. This arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God essays

Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God essays Jonathan Edwards gave this sermon on July 8, 1741. It was directed to the audience that he was speaking to. The audience consisted mainly of people that have forgotten all about God, and who were worshipping other gods. His sermon was primarily aimed at persuading them to turn back to God. This made Jonathan Edwards very angry. His sermon was very harsh. One of his major concerns was that people would go to hell. He said that God is enraged at the people because of their sinning, and the people are not doing anything about it. They are not repentant, and they are not trying to pacify Gods anger. He also said that God has been holding his anger back, and could let it loose at any time, and wipe them all out. These people could have saved themselves if they had prayed and believed in God. The worst thing about being in hell is that it is an eternal torture. Jonathan told the audience that there were many people in the same state as they are in, but they are now truly enjoying life, and all they did was open back up to God. These people comprehended the message of this sermon very well. They understood that hell was a terrible place to be for the rest of your life. One big tool Edwards used to help the audience understand their predicament was that he used imagery throughout the sermon. Some of these examples were so vivid and detailed that the audience understood what he was saying. Another way that the audience understood this was because they knew that they were in serious trouble. They wanted to find a way to help themselves get out of the dilemma that they were in, so they probably knew what he was talking about since the tone of his voice was so heated. They did not want to go to hell, and so they thought if they stopped acting so hedonistic, they would be better off.. ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Health Care in Canada essays

Health Care in Canada essays Arguments both for and against the privatisation of Canadas health care are plentiful. There is evidence by looking at any Canadian newspaper, television news program, or news oriented website on the Internet. Election polls consistently rank health care as Canadian voters number one concern (Wickens, 2000, 26). Reasons for supporting a two-tier system include reducing line-ups in the so called cashstrapped system (Fennell, 1996, 54), and to allow Canadian doctors a financially viable alternative to the United States by presenting the option to set your own wages as well as the luxury of more flexible working hours. Supporters of the blended privatepublic system insist that privatisation is required to advance technology and decline government budgets (Vanagas, 1995, 24). However, those worried about a change in the way this country delivers its health care feel a two-tier system would be unCanadian (26). In this paper I will attempt to discover for the positives and negatives of an implementation of a twotier health care system in my home province of New Brunswick as well as the rest of Canada. Twotier health care can be simply defined as a health care plan that will allow for a private or forprofit system to operate along side Medicare (Marshall, 200, 48). The system will allow the opportunity for those people who are willing to pay for health care to do just that. Ideally, it will take pressure off the current Medicare system by shortening waiting lists and generating revenue. The form of two-tier being proposed in New Brunswick involves a private system that will operate parallel to the current public system and will allow people to purchase private insurance if so desired (Deber et al, 1999, 53943). Some politicians like to define twotier health care in different terms. BC Health Minister Paul Ramsey says, I cannot thin...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

The Best Ways to Learn How to Speak French

The Best Ways to Learn How to Speak French Theres no magic formula for learning how to speak French or any language for that matter. It requires lots of time, energy and patience. There are, however, some techniques thatÃ‚ will make your study of FrenchÃ‚ more efficient and, thus, help you learn the language more quickly. The two main elements of language study are learning and practicing, and they go hand in hand. Memorizing vocabulary words wont do any good if you are unable to use them, so you should supplement your studies with practice. The following tips for learning French include plenty of practical ideas.Ã‚ If you really want to learn how to speak French, do as many of the following as possible. Learn With French Classes One of the most efficient ways to learn how to speak French is to take a class. If you dont want to attend a language school, there are almost certainly some reasonably priced French classes available at your local community college or adult education center. Check out who the teacher is: Is the teacher French? From which region? How long has that person been a teacher? A class is only as good as the teacher. Learn With French Immersion If at all possible, spend some time in a French-speaking country.Ã‚ That is absolutely the best way to learn French. But there again, choosing your French learning program is the key. For adults, I strongly recommend learning French in immersion at a homestay with a French teacher: Youll get the individual attention and unique guidance of a French teacher and the experience of immersing yourself in a French culture. But there are also many French language schools abroad in France and elsewhere offering various programs. Take the time to research the school, the teachers, the location and the accommodation arrangements before you make your choice.Ã‚ Learn With Online French Lessons Work on the basic vocabulary, pronunciation, grammarÃ‚ and verb lessons inÃ‚ French for Beginners. Your first lesson?Ã‚ I want to learn French.Ã‚ Where do I start? Self-study, though, is not for everybody. Most people need the guidance of a teacher to successfully conquer French, or at least, a well organized French learning tool.Ã‚ Listen to French Listen to spoken French every day. The more you listen, the easier it will be for you to acquire that lovely French accent. Invest in a good French audio method. Spoken French and written French are like two different languages. It is essential you train with level-appropriate audio aids to conquer French pronunciation. Listen to French music. You may not understand all the words, but singing French songs out loud is a great way to get into the swing of the French language rhythm and a fun way to learn new vocabulary. Watch out for French moviesÃ‚ though. They are a great tool for advanced students, but the fast, idiomatic dialogues in them can break the spirit of a beginner. French movies and French radio are made for French people, not students, and they are often overwhelming for a beginning student of French.Ã‚ Read French French newspapers and magazinesÃ‚ make good tools for advanced students. For each article, make a list of the words you dont know, look them all up after you finish the article, and then read it again while referring to the list. The same for French literature. Check out bilingual booksÃ‚ and see if they help you. Use a dictionary to make flash cards and themed word lists. Use the flash cards to label everything in your house: doors, walls, bookshelves, rooms, and more.Keep word lists in a binder. Flip through the pages every day to test yourself. When youre sure that you know every word on a list, remove it from the binder to make room for new lists. Speak French To speak French, not only do you need to know French, but you also need to get over your anxiety about speaking it in front of other people. And the only way to do this is to practice with other people. French learning software and French audio books can prepare you to understand the French. Plus, you can learn a lot by answering questions out loud and repeating common sentences. That said, nothing will ever replace real-life interaction. To learn to speak French, you need to actually speak! Check out local French classes; there may be an Alliance FranÃƒ §aise near you or a community college that offers French conversation classes or try taking a French class by Skype.Ã‚ But the best way to quickly improve your French speaking fluency is to have an immersion experience in France. Do you feel nervous when you try to speak? FollowÃ‚ tips for overcoming your anxiety about speaking FrenchÃ‚ and see what happens. Learn French With Social Media Check out theÃ‚ Facebook, TwitterÃ‚ andÃ‚ PinterestÃ‚ pages of your favorite French profs, and join them there to learn more French.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Specific Dimension of Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Specific Dimension of Language - Essay Example It is the aim of the current discourse to compare and contrast samples of newspaper articles from that which was written in the 1920s, as to one which was written in contemporary times (2012). The points of comparison would be on characteristics of style and approach of the paper. Based on the comparison, the current essay would hereby address the following concerns, to wit: (1) how are journalistic standards declining, improving, or otherwise changing? The newspaper to the used as a source of the articles and the format of journalistic presentation is The New York Times. Cover Page, The New York Times, Monday, October 28, 1929 From the cover page of The New York Times of the issue dated October 28, 1929 (shown on the next page), it could be viewed that the presentation and outlay of articles are straightforward news reporting with all contents in text and in black font. Only the sizes of the fonts are being differentiated to emphasize headings and sub-headings. One of the featured a rticles entitled Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stock Prices Slump $14,000,000,000 in Nation-Wide Stampede to Unload; Bankers to Support Market TodayÃ¢â‚¬ (The New York Times 1) share the same focal point and importance as with the other featured articles in the cover page. Source: The New York Times, 1929 Source: Yardley & Harris, 2012 The message content of this particular article was very comprehensive containing 2,006 words and presented equitably in eight sub-headings. The reporting style was highly structured, formal, and professional. This was corroborated by the statements written by Broersma (n.d.), who averred that Ã¢â‚¬Å"in the United States, objectivity was firmly established as a leading norm in the 1920s. Journalism affiliated itself with the rising public demand for facts as a basis for rational choices and actionsÃ¢â‚¬ (p. xvii). As such, one would observe that the target audience for the information contained in newspapers, such as The New York Times in the 1920s were businessmen and p rofessionals who need to keep track of their stock investments or of the status of the economy and current issues pervading the political sphere. Cover Page, The New York Times, August 1, 2012 The cover page of The New York Times in contemporary period, particularly the front page for the issue dated August 1, 2012 reveals that the focus of the publication is the news feature entitled Ã¢â‚¬Å"2nd Day of Power Failures Cripples Wide Swath of IndiaÃ¢â‚¬ written by Yardley & Harris (2012). It was likewise extensively written containing 1,278 words. As an article featured in the front page, it was accompanied by three (3) photos: the first one shows Ã¢â‚¬Å"passengers waited for electricity to be restored at a railway station in New Delhi on TuesdayÃ¢â‚¬ (Yardley and Harris); the second photo showed people in trains; and the third photo was a barber trying desparately to continue working by candlelight in Kolkata (Yardley and Harris). The style of writing manifested conformity to the use of rhetorical appeals and is significantly assisted by technological applications such as visual presentations (photos, charts, or graphs), greater options to use different fonts and sizes, colors, and even advertisements, as required. Broersma (n.d.) emphasized that in contemporary journalism, Ã¢â‚¬Å"while the content of an article is unique and incidental, its form is more universal and refers to broader cultural discourses, and accepted and widely-used news conventions and routines. The content of news items is bound to their national context, while forms and styles tend to travel internationallyÃ¢â‚¬

Food Production Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Food Production - Research Paper Example The problem with these technological approaches to increasing harvests is they have created a system of food production that looks to productivity as the only measure of success. Our current system of Ã¢â‚¬Å"factory farmsÃ¢â‚¬ is highly productive but we are ignoring the environmental damage, the loss of nutrition and quality of our foodstuffs and the ethical concerns raised by the current feedlot method of raising animals for food. The true cost of our current industrialized method of food production can only be realized when we factor in all of these variables. The Ã¢â‚¬Å"Green RevolutionÃ¢â‚¬ of the 1960Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s was truly a historic turning point for global agriculture. For the first time, populous nations such as India and China could feed themselves with the use of new farming techniques such as no-till planting and the administering of pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers to the land. More food was being produced than ever, but at what cost? Globally, farmers needed to raise more crops than ever because they needed to use fertilizer to compete with corporate farms. The abundance created by the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Green RevolutionÃ¢â‚¬ suppressed commodity prices. ... We have learned much about how to limit the damage caused by these powerful chemicals over the decades, but that does not change the fact that entire ecosystems, such as the Chesapeake Bay estuary, are constantly under stress as a result of out current agricultural practices. A final negative consequence that our current mechanized method of farming creates is an over-dependence on fossil fuels. Massive tractors and harvesters are employed to such an extent that a rise in gasoline prices now equates a rise in food prices. We have found ourselves in a precarious situation once again. Before the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Green RevolutionÃ¢â‚¬ we had hunger due to a lack of productivity. Now our factory farming system is creating a situation where the costs of production are putting the cost of food out of reach of many people. We have hunger because of a lack of money, not a lack of productive capacity. Another problem that our current method of industrialized food production is causing is a drop in th e nutrition found in the foods we eat. Many diseases and ailments have been linked to eating highly processed food that contain dyes and large amounts of refined sugar. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables is less common than in the past for several reasons. Processed foods are often more convenient to eat. They are packaged and often require a minimum of effort (or no effort at all) to prepare them for consumption. Fewer families sit down to eat meals together than they did in the past as well. Society has changed and the pace of life has increased for many people. As a result, processed foods of convenience such as fast food, has replaced more healthy foods such as vegetables and whole grains. But the

Food Production Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Friday, October 18, 2019

Western Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Western Civilization - Essay Example Only by examining the facts can one make a decision on right or wrong. Although not one of the actual assassins, Cicero makes the argument that some members of the conspiracy had brought up what he referred to as Ã¢â‚¬Å"petty crimesÃ¢â‚¬ (one of the instances was fraudulent buying and selling). His viewpoint was that made little sense when the emperorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s real crime was the simple fact that he declared himself king and that in itself justified the EmperorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s death. Indeed, Cicero goes so far to state that such views are that of an insane person (and Ã¢â‚¬Å"immoralÃ¢â‚¬ ) and those that followed him were just as mad as Caesar. In his case, he states that the Empire was once a free state with free people and that removing somebody like Caesar (either by force or peaceful means) was not only reasonable but in fact warranted. Cassius Dio on the other hand, makes an entirely different viewpoint in that killing Caesar was perhaps not totally justified and only brought unnecessary war and sedition to Rome. Granted, it could be argued that unlike Cicero, Cassius lived close to three hundred years after the event and was writing history as based upon the documents available to him. Yet historians such as Cassius often provide valuable insight many years after the fact, maybe unprejudiced, whereas those like Cicero were inflamed and caught up in the moment. Cassius does make a valid point in that the senators and other leaders courted Caesar like he was a king, such as riding into the city on horseback in full regalia and naming him Father of His Country. True CaesarÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s ego made him giddily accept such Ã¢â‚¬Å"honorsÃ¢â‚¬ and the man truly believed he was deserving of those favors. So why then use this as a later excuse to later kill him? Cassius points out that they hoped to convince Caesar that he was a mere mortal and when that failed (the Emperor actually believd himself otherwise!), the conspiracy took

For or Against Governing Early Childhood Education through play by Jo Personal Statement

For or Against Governing Early Childhood Education through play by Jo AilWood - Personal Statement Example games, they acquire knowledge on how to control their emotions, and how to transform the large, mystifying world events into a little, controllable status. Play also enables children to improve on their social skills as they assign themselves certain responsibilities and resources. Despite the significance of play in early childhood learning processes, I believe there are some pitfalls to play that need to known to the learning fraternity. I think the significance of the circumstances under which a play is executed has not been anybodyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s concern, even as more people continue to advocate for the governmentality of early childhood education through play. Current learning-based plays are only looked upon from the positive perspectives rather than from all sides to ascertain its real significance. Ailwood avers that play in early childhood education has been mired in more rhetoric than tangible results. In most cases, play has fallen short of equipping children with the required skills expected out of such activities (291). Childhood play has been found to be boring, and usually isolating for some children. Additionally, play has been largely entertaining, rather than enhancing the skills of the participants. Play also reduces the role of a teacher to merely keeping an eye on those engaging in bad games and maintaining the hygiene of children who take part in such activity. In light of the valorisation of play, brought about by divisions along social lines, play does not contribute to the unity and social diversity required in learning

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses Research Paper

Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses - Research Paper Example If the nurse fails to observe her duty with sincerity, it would become very difficult for the doctors to perform their jobs. A professional nurse must be competent enough to meet the standards defined by clinics and hospitals and must have proper education regarding the field (Blais, 2006). A professional nurse must reflect professionalism from her attitude and behavior towards the assigned responsibilities. It is of extreme importance that the nurses are sincere to their job and duties because they have got many lives at stake (Child & Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 2004). Nursing has been stereotyped with many other characters and professions. It is a general conception that nurses are only female and if male nurses are seen in the profession, they are generally resembled to female and are considered gay. Male nurses are usually not treated with the same respect that they deserve. It is a common belief that the people who adopt nursing are dropouts from universities and are failures (S. Summers & H. Summers, 2009). It is also considered that students who are weak in their studies and are not interested in studying are sent to study nursing. It is also considered that the nurses are working for the doctor, whereas actually they work under the doctorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s guidance and have the responsibility to update the doctor. In reality nurses are figures of sincere devotion, care, patience and strength. The strength, sincerity, feeling of care, love for the people and selflessness are some attributes that should be present in a nurse (Chitty & Black, 2011). The nurse plays a major role in curing the patient by providing the patient with psychological support and reviving the patients who have lost hope to recover. It is one of the major roles played by a nurse, which is generally not known by the people. Oftentimes a nurse can do what doctors cannot. Doctors can only treat the patient with medicines, but the psychological support can only be given by the nurse, and that plays a major role in curing the patient. A nurse also plays a role of a teacher. She helps the patient to get to know about their health condition in detail. This role is not known by many people in general either (Guine?e, 1970). My role model in nursing is Callista Roy. She is a complete woman and an outstanding nurse who has strived to serve the patients with all her heart and soul. Her views and concepts regarding this profession are very unique and practical. It is a general misconception that nurses have a very easy job as they just follow the doctorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s order. Nurses are responsible for doing much more than that. They have the responsibility to support the patient throughout his recovery process, remain attentive and alert during their entire working time in order to take timely actions which could otherwise lead to serious consequences. Their sincere duty can save lives while on the other hand, any mishandling or irresponsibility can lead to death of patients concerne d. They are obliged to remain aware of the patientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s conditions more than a doctor and update the doctors regularly (Blais, 2006). It is the core responsibility of a nurse to treat patients without any discrimination of cast, color or creed. A nurse must see each patient as a suffering human only and nothing other than that (Allen, 2001). A nurse

The Red Cedar Redevelopment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Red Cedar Redevelopment - Assignment Example Arguments in support of the plain arguments in support of the plan1. Reverse water and environmental pollution while conserving wildlife. This leads to the introduction of local tourism such as bird watching2. Boost the communityÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s economy by constructing a business park and tightening security.3. Ensure community welfare by building modern residential houses, increasing security, and availing social amenities.Ã‚ 4. Tightening security through the construction of a police complex to increase safety and raise investorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s confidence in investing in the community and thereby boost the economic argument against the plan1. The project is too costly and the community may not manage to raise the needed funds within the required time.2. The project may not benefit all members of the community especially the old who object to the construction of new residential areas because they wish to age in a familiar environment.3. Construction of a business complex doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t make much economic sense since the town is less densely populated.4. Constructing a police complex is not sufficient security and more investment is needed, yet funds are insufficient.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Roles and Responsibilities of Nurses Research Paper

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Perioperative pratice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Perioperative pratice - Essay Example A brief account of the responsibilities of operating room personnel and their functioning has been outlined. Perioperative care of patient scheduled for surgery includes practices and procedures followed prior to, during, and immediately after the surgery. This begins with a thorough evaluation of the patientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s illness, physical and mental condition, and certain vital statistics. Vaginal wall prolapse occurs due to weakening or damage of supporting structures of the pelvic organs. Prolapse of anterior wall, also known as cystocele, occurs when the bladder protrudes into the centre of anterior wall of the vagina causing stress incontinence, urinary frequency, difficult urination, vaginal bulge, and severe pain. Prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall, known as rectocele, occurs when the rectum and bowel bulge forward (Chamberlain & Browen-Simpson; 2000). Considering the physical impairment of the patient, she has to be given appropriate comfort level throughout the perioperative care period and this can be accomplished through proper communication, and involves accurate hearing, defining, organizing, interpreting, managing exchanges with the patient, the operating room multidisciplinary team, and other hospital practitioners. At the reception, information related to identification criteria, consent, specific needs and problems, fasting status, preoperative tests and situation, personal belongings etc are recorded. After the documentation process, the patient can be transferred to the preoperative room. Specific identification protocol as designed by the hospital needs to be followed, like specific ID cards or wrist bands with identification numbers etc. other identification details can include the patientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s date of birth, room number, bed number, and physicianÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s name. When asking for patient name, care should be taken to identify patient with similar names with extra identification specifics such as the hospital ID number (Phillips,

Monday, October 14, 2019

Religion Essay Example for Free

Religion Essay 1.) As a person of goodwill, explain the necessity of establishing rapport, amity, and concordance among the various religions in Asia and the world; and more specifically among Muslims and Christians in the Philippines. Why is religion a positive contributor towards peacemaking but at the same time can be a source of societal turmoil? In what way can Asian religions transcend divisiveness by standing side by side with other religions, without losing their very own unique creeds or belief-systems? Based on the films about Muslim Filipinos shown in class, please explain in what way Christians and Muslims can utilize their respective religions for peace and harmony in Mindanao? Answer these questions by citing concrete cases to prove your point (30 points). It is necessary to establish rapport, amity, and concordance among the various religions in Asia and the world more specifically among Muslims and Christians in the Philippines in order to better understand their systematic beliefs, values, and behavior, acquired by people as a member of their society. These patterns are systematic because their manifestations are regular in occurrence and expression: they are shared by member of a group. It is also necessary to build friendship and connection among diverse religions in Asia and the world to build a better society and to have peace in every nation. In such a society it is very important to have harmony and respect amongst the different religions. We must distinguish between belief and respect. Belief refers to total faith, which you must have in your own religion. At the same time you should have respect for all other religions. This tradition of believing in ones own religion and having respect for others. In every religion, there are transcendent things that are beyond the grasp of our mind and speech. For example, the concept of God in Christianity and Islam and that of wisdom truth body in Buddhism are metaphysical, which is not possible for an ordinary person like us to realize. This is a common difficulty faced by every religion. It is taught in every Ã‚ religion, including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, that the ultimate truth is driven by faith. As far as the Muslims are concerned it is appropriate for them to have complete devotion to Allah while praying in the mosques. This is also the same with Buddhists who are completely devoted to the Buddha when they pray in Buddhist temples. A society, which has many religions should also have many prophets and sources of refuge. I want to emphasize that it is extremely essential to sincerely believe in their respective religions. Usually, it is very important to distinguish between belief in one religion and belief in many religions. Religion is a positive contributor towards peacemaking but at the same time can be a source of societal turmoil because religion is a perennial and perhaps inevitable factor in both conflict and conflict resolution. Religion, after all, is a powerful constituent of cultural norms and values, and because it addresses the most profound existential issues of human life (e.g., freedom and inevitability, fear and faith, security and insecurity, right and wrong, sacred and profane), religion is deeply implicated in individual and social conceptions of peace. To transform the conflicts besetting the world today, we need to uncover the conceptions of peace within our diverse religious and cultural traditions, while seeking the common ground among them. Traditionally many people focus on how wars and conflicts are seemingly undertaken for religious reasons, or at least undertaken in the name of religion. A significant problem with organized religion and belief, as this relates to peace and conflict, is individuals and groups often confuse the map (their socially-learned version of reality or culture or religion) with the territory (or ultimate reality). Thus people believe that their personal or subjective version of reality or religion is valid, while other views are invalid. Instead it can be argued that the many maps are different, but possibly equally valid interpretations and attempts to understand the same underlying reality or territory. Asian religions can transcend divisiveness by standing side by side with other religions, without losing their very own unique creeds or belief-systems through banding together in interfaith dialogue, cooperation, and religious peacebuilding. The first major dialogue was the Parliament of the Worlds Religions at the 1893 Chicago Worlds Fair, which remains notable even today both in affirming universal values and recognition of the diversity of practices among different cultures. The 20th century has been especially fruitful in use of interfaith dialogue as a means of solving ethnic, political, or even religious conflict, with ChristianÃ¢â‚¬â€œJewish reconciliation representing a complete reverse in the attitudes of many Christian communities towards Jews. Christians and Muslims can utilize their respective religions for peace and harmony through sharing the main morals and conducts that are for the benefit of humanity and nature. They believe in the same basic morals that are important for people to follow in order to live in peace, harmony, and love in communities with different faiths and cultures. And to through tolerance, respect and cooperation with respect in each otherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s religions. 2.) Explain why Islam is considered the Ã¢â‚¬Å"most misunderstood religionÃ¢â‚¬ . What are some historical, sociological and cultural reasons that paved the way for a misunderstanding of the true nature of Islam among non-Muslims and even among Muslims? Islam means Ã¢â‚¬Å"submission to the will of God in all areas of oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s lifeÃ¢â‚¬ . Muslim means, Ã¢â‚¬Å"One who submits to GodÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s willÃ¢â‚¬ . These Arabic words are actually non-sectarian terms if we look at the context of these words in the QurÃ¢â‚¬â„¢an. Can we use the term Ã¢â‚¬Å"MuslimÃ¢â‚¬ in its universal implication to include all believers in One God? Can we use the term Ã¢â‚¬Å"MuslimÃ¢â‚¬ to any person (irrespective of religions) who strives sincerely to submit to the will of God in his life? [Hint: Consider the Islamic doctrine of Risalah (Progressive Revelation) and the Islamic view of the universality of GodÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s calling of prophethood] (30 points). Islam is considered the Ã¢â‚¬Å"most misunderstood religionÃ¢â‚¬ because most of the time it is considered as a violent religion and is likely Ã¢â‚¬Å"to encourage violence among believersÃ¢â‚¬ . And there is also some outright falsehood for example, Ã¢â‚¬Å"God sent prophets to every nation for their guidance.Ã¢â‚¬ But, According to the Ã¢â‚¬Å"Doctrine of Progressive RevelationÃ¢â‚¬ , Islam is very universal since it admits that Allah sent prophets to everyone whereas Jews believe that prophets only come from them because they are the Ã¢â‚¬Å"chosen people of God.Ã¢â‚¬ Another example, Ã¢â‚¬Å"One of the missions of the Prophet of Islam was to bring peace and unity to the feuding tribes, the Jahiliah or the ignorant Arabs of the pre-Islamic days. This he succeeded in doing as narrated in several verses of the Qur-anÃ¢â‚¬ . The message of Allah were brought by one Prophet and recorded in one holy Qur-an. There is no other Qur-an, or versions or it, or editions which carry different texts. The hold Qur-an is not in the form of Gospels by Muslim saints or ulama. The holy Qur-an is just the record of the messages of Allah in the Arabic of the period. Translations of the Qur-an may be different in minor ways, but they are not accepted as the holy Qur-an. Only that in the original Arabic is accepted. So there can be no differing text or Gospels or versions which can result in differences in the messages or teachings of Islam. Yet, clearly there are differences, serious differences, so serious that Muslims are divided sometimes into warring sects. One of the reasons that paved the way of misunderstanding the true nature of Islam among non-Muslims and even Muslims are the Ã¢â‚¬Å"mediaÃ¢â‚¬ . Media is the greatest factor on how people view their surroundings. Somehow, criticizing the Islam brings them more readers/viewers. We tend to judge and generalize things without knowing the exact story behind those issues. Infact, the worl Islam means peace, purity, submission and obedience. In the religious sense, Islam means submission to the will of God and obedience to His law. Yes, we can use the term Ã¢â‚¬Å"MuslimÃ¢â‚¬ in its universal implication to include all believers in One God, as well as, to any person (irrespective of religions) who strives sincerely to submit to the will of God in his life because Ã¢â‚¬Å"MuslimÃ¢â‚¬ believe that God is eternal, transcendent, absolutely one (the doctrine of tawhid, or strict or simple monotheism), and incomparable; that he is self-sustaining, who begets not nor was begotten. 3.) Write a Ã¢â‚¬Å"reflective synthesizing essayÃ¢â‚¬ that answers the following questions: In the future prospect, will the Asian religions move from rhetoric unity and act as one to solve the common problems affecting humanity? As for Asian countries, will they achieve political independence from the clutches of Western neo-colonialism? Is there a need to abandon our cherished worldview and values in the name of development? How will the Asians reconcile their adherence to Asian ethos and at the same time open to the demands of globalization? How will the differing Asian worldviews and religions be properly harnessed to promote nationalism among Asians and global cooperation among countries in the world? (30 points) Yes. In the future, the Asian religions will move from rhetoric unity and act as one to solve the common problems affecting humanity to have a better nation, to have a respect on one another, to fix the unjust and destructive situations. There is no need to abandon our cherished worldview and values in the name of development but rather preserve it and continue following those values to build a progressive and advance nation. With their differing Asian worldviews and religions they can create different ideas and new innovations but with respect with one anotherÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s point of view, and to accept what other countries have made, to promote nationalism among Asians and global cooperation among countries in the world. 4.) Explain what made Japanese civilization unique in its approach to establishing a pro-active Asian civilization capable of having positive ethical patterns as fountainhead of their development? Explain why it is not just enough to simply support oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s parents for one to be called Ã¢â‚¬Å"filialÃ¢â‚¬ ; what are therefore the other requirements to be able to truly say that one has completely conducted oneself as Ã¢â‚¬Å"filial son/daughterÃ¢â‚¬ to oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s parents? What makes Indian civilization stuck into conservatism? What are some of the positive role that the caste-system plays in Indian civilization? What are also the negative aspects of the caste system to Indian civilization? Explain in what way did Japan show a purposive and planned-out blueprint for development in their history? (30 points) It is not just enough to simply support oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s parents for one to be called Ã¢â‚¬Å"filialÃ¢â‚¬ because we owe our parents a lot- because of them we able to eat three meals a day, sometimes even more. They give us clothes and sometimes the things that are beyond our needs. They send us to school. But more than simply supporting us in the most basic sense of supporting, our parents loves us. It now becomes something different because when we love them back, we do not do so out of indebtedness. We give our love freely, and not as a payment with a certain interest. Most of all, because of this special filial relationship with them that we had since birth, we also respect and obey them. We not only support our parents, but serve them. The Indian Ã¢â‚¬Å"caste systemÃ¢â‚¬ made it stuck into conservatism. The positive roles that the caste-system plays in Indian civilization, provides a sense of community and belongingness. And the two main strands of thought: Divine will- the belief that a hierarchical social structure is part of the divine intention for natural order, and the Purity- the need to emphasize the importance of ritual purity and impurity. But there is also a negative aspect of caste-system to Indian civilization. For example, marrying someone from a different caste, whilst not officially outlawed, is generally discouraged. They only lived, ate, and worked within their group. This was based on the idea that people are different and should have different roles. And a person born into one caste never changed castes and very seldom mixed with members of other castes. Castes were unchanging groups but people from the lowest caste were told that they have to serve the other castes so that they can be reborn into a higher caste in their next life.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Mirror :: essays research papers

The Mirror Steam rose from the water and filled the bathroom with ghostly, swirling eddies, and phantasms of white, transparent ribbons of vapor. Tracy basked in the water, relishing the prickly fingers of hot water as it soothed the muscles of her body. Her red hair lay in wet, matted strings over her shoulders and breasts. Her eyelids were closed, hiding her deep, emerald green eyes. Tears squeeze from her eyes as the memory of the phone call echoed through her mind. It had been a womanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s voice on the other end of the line, and she had asked for Justin, TracyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s husband. Tracy was high strung with emotions and the sound of that womanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s voice sparked the thought that her husband was cheating on her. The hardest part of it all for her to believe was that when Justin got home that night, Tracy confronted him with her fears. Justin didnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t hesitate in telling her that, yes, he was having an affair. She was so distraught over the news that she had kicked him out of the ho use after a lengthy screaming match. Now, Tracy sat in the tub, water to her chin, and her right hand on the ledge of the tub, fumbling lightly with a single edge razor blade. She opened her eyes and delicately ran her finger over the shinning blade. SheÃ¢â‚¬â„¢d teach Justin. One swipe of the blade and heÃ¢â‚¬â„¢d be regretting ever sleeping around on her. She lifted the blade and brought it over to the opposite wrist. As her hand lifted off the edge of the tub, she notices something odd in the mirror. The mirror was completely steamed over with a white, hazy mist, and on the surface of the mirror, written in the condensation, was a short statement that made TracyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s breath catch in her throat. DONÃ¢â‚¬â„¢T DO IT, TRACY! Tracy jerked out of the water, splashing a bunch onto the floor. The statement was written in a loose, looping, and broken script, almost as if it had been written by a child. Before her eyes, the mirror steamed over again and the words disappeared. The razor drops into the water, forgotten. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Who did that?Ã¢â‚¬ she asked the room, knowing that nobody could have done it, she was alone in the house. Ã¢â‚¬Å"WhoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s there?Ã¢â‚¬ She carefully gets out of the tub and wraps herself in a large, blue towel.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Free Grapes of Wrath Essays: Steinbecks Portrait of Fear :: Grapes Wrath essays

Portrait of Fear in The Grapes of Wrath Steinbeck shows throughout The Grapes of Wrath that mankind is afraid of failure. Although that fear is present in both the desperate migrant workers and the big, ruthless land owners, Steinbeck uses Al Joad's character to his full advantage t model this characteristic of man. Al's personal fear of failure motivates him to do well in life in comparison to his male role models, as well as to help support the family. This is conveyed through Al's sense of responsibility to his family, his careful nature, and his moody and defensive behavior. Al's sense of responsibility to his family is a major element in his determination not to fail. His knowledge and operation of automobiles are Al's major contribution to the family: "He might be a musking goat sometimes, but this was his responsibility, this truck, its running, and its maintenance...And everyone respected him and his responsibility" (Steinbeck, pages 131 and 132). Al not only helps the family succeed in getting to California by taking on this responsibility, he also makes up for other areas of his character in which he feels he is failing or lacking. Such an area of character might be his apathy towards letting his family know his whereabouts when he disappears for days at a time in Oklahoma. Al's careful nature is another obvious sign that he does not want to fail. He feels that precaution is the only way to prevent something from going wrong and ultimately failing. This is visible in his meticulous care of the truck: "Al grew tense over the wheel. A little rattle had developed in the engine. He speeded up and the rattle increased...Al blew his horn and pulled the car to the side of the road" (page 225). Al's care, though obvious only in that of the truck, definitely suggests that should he fail to properly maintain the truck, he would fail himself and his family as well. To offset such an event, Al constantly watches for and prevents any possible problems with the truck. Al's moody and defensive behavior is also a strong example of his resolution not to fail. Although his attitude could be attributed to adolescent arrogance, one who examines Al's character can see that he has more pressure placed upon him than most of the other members of the family.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Theories of perception

Perception is a combination of both the physiological processes involved within the senses and the way in which the brain integrates and interprets the sensory information that it takes in. The two main explanations of perception prioritise the role of one or other of these different aspects. The bottom-up theory emphasises the importance of stimulus features in perception. The visual information that reaches the eye is thought to contain sufficient unambiguous information about an object for ffective perception to take place with little further processing.Gibson suggested that light reaching the eye does so in an optic array. This provides information about such things as distance, movement and meaning. Interpretation is achieved through analysis of the information in the optic array by means of various cues such as texture gradient and horizon ratio. The former refers to the fact that the texture of an object becomes less clear the further it is away. By picking up this information an observer is able to perceive some aspects of depth. Gibson rejected the view that we erceive a meaningful environment because of the involvement of stored knowledge and experience.He claimed that the meaning of a stimulus is determined by the object's affordance, ie: the physical structure of an object gives clues as to what its' potential use. Eysenck and Keane (1990) suggest that the concept of affordances is central to Gibson's theory as otherwise he would be forced to admit that the meaning of objects is something we store in long-term memory. Gibson's theory has provided a good explanation of the generally fast and accurate perception of the environment ut it does struggle to explain why we do sometimes make mistakes, as with illusions.An alternative explanation of perception is that of the top-down approach suggested by Gregory. This sees the eventual product of perception being Ã¢â‚¬Ëœconstructed', that is, built up from a combination of stimulus information, expectations and hypotheses. The process involves making sense of all the various bits of information provided by the senses. A key aspect of this view of perception is that because of the role of the hypotheses and expectation, perception will be frequently prone to error.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Computerized Inventory System

II. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONÃ‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ Ã‚ In this chapter, the students who are the developer of the system are going to tackle about the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s main problem in its existing system and are also going to discuss the specific problem that causes the host companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s loss and incompetency to the market. The propose system that the students come up with will be discuss to maximize the competency of the host company along with the details, the scope and limitations, and the methodology used for the study.2.1.2 Problem Statement In this chapter the proponent will specify the general and specific problems of their company that has encounter through interview or observation.2.1.1 Major StatementHow to create a Computerized Sales and Inventory System for Alta School & Office Supply that will solve the major and minor problems of the store? Alta School & Office Supply using the manual system for the operation of the inventory and the cashier operator transacts all purchases using a cash register. The proponents decided then to develop a computer-based sales and inventory system that the store can use to be able to solve major and minor problems encountered when using a manual system in doing these operation.2.1.2 Minor StatementsHow to develop a module that will make the user easily find and validate returned products? Product returned include damage items when a product is returned, it should be accompanied with the receipt of the purchased product. Since only the product category and its price are indicated in the receipt, it would be hard for the manager to easily find and validate the product and the receipt so as to accept the return transaction.How to create a module that is enable to generate updated report such as the sales report and inventory report, as well as fast moving and slow moving products reports that is available anytime is needed? The store does not have an actual inventory report and their sales report are made and calculated just throug h the receipt from the cash register. The general manager cannot identify which products are fast moving and which are slow moving because the general manager cannot identify what specific products are commonly bought and what are not. Information for fast moving and slow moving items is essential so as to be aware of the products that need more attention in terms of the reordering of these products.How to create a module that is able to implement security with regards to the information and files so as to keep data integrity? Important documents can be altered since anyone can gain access to these documents. Another problem is regarding to cashier operators. Since there is no security with regards to who can use the cash registers unauthorized sales transactions may occur, thus resulting to loss of data integrity and reliability.II.1 Proposed Research ProjectII.1.1 General ObjectivesThe general objective of the study is to make a Computerized Sales and Inventory System for Alta Sch ool and Office Supply that will solve, improve the some features that can help of the store. The proponents will design and develop a Computer-based Sales and Inventory System for Alta School and Office Supply that will solve major and minor problems encountered in the current system used. This will eventually help the host company speed-up the process of the whole system. II.1.2 Specific ObjectivesTo develop a module that will organize the record of all the information about the system. In this statement the proponents need to organize the record of all the information about the system so that we can easily see all the information we need to see if it is necessary. Without organization the system will have corrupted files and revision would be impossible in the database.To develop a module that will compute the sales and record transaction for the amount product purchased, and the number available in the store. The proponents can improve the manual system for this module, computati on and recording to be faster and more accurate that will lessen human error and isÃ‚ more reliable than the existing process.To create a module that will build a security that will protect the companyÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s confidential file. The proponents will develop a security to protect the feature where the data files and information will be secured from the unauthorized person and to avoid any of alteration of data files. The system cannot be used without any users, because it is required in the system.II.1.3 Scope and LimitationsThe Study is conducted to develop computerized sales and inventory system for Alta School & Office Supply. This computerized sales and inventory will ease the work of the persons involved in this system to minimize their tasks as well as to keep up with the technology nowadays. System proposed system is conducted to develop computerized sales and inventory system for Alta School & Office Supply.The computerized system will help minimize the problem encountered i n the existing manual system of the company as well as to keep up with technology nowadays. The proposed system will feature file maintenance module that allows editing, adding, and maintaining of information pertaining to the products, productÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s category, suppliers, and system users. Returned product/s due to damage which is accepted for return or exchange can be easily validated through a reliable receipt that will indicate the storeÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s name, product name, product price and the date that purchased or date of transaction will be adjusted in a returns form.LimitationsThe system cannot provide a payment using credit cards. Obviously it is more profitable to have an online ordering but probably it cannot apply them online orders. The transaction or method cannot be converted in to a computerized system and can only be done manually such as evaluating the reports or suggesting an alternate product or any decision related problem.II.1.4 MethodologyThe proponentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s met hod in making the system is the Systems Development Life Cycle or simply SDLC is the methodology that we used in our system. It is the development cycle designed to give much faster. To be able to accomplishÃ‚ the requirements of the proposed system, the proponents decided to use the System Development Life Cycle or simply SDLC and divided the cycle into five phases. The SDLC is a phased approach to analysis and design that hold that systems are best developed through the use of a specific cycle of analyst and user activities. Although each phase is presented discretely, the proponents did not intentionally make them as separate steps instead, several activities may occur concurrently, and activities may be repeated, because SDLC is more useful if it is applied as phases rather than in separate steps.Planning Priorities for system and projects; an architectures for data, networks, and selection hardware, and IS management are the result of associated systems; Detailed steps, or wor k plan, for project:Specification of system scope and planning and high level system requirements or features; Assignment of team members and other resources; System justification or business case.Analysis Description of current system and where problems or opportunities are with a general recommendation on how to fix, enhance, or replace current system; Explain of alterative systems and justification for chosen alterativeDesign Functional, detailed specifications of all system elements (data, processes, inputs, and outputs); Technical, detailed specification of all system elements (programs, files, network, system, software, etc.).Implementation Code, documentation, training procedures, and support capabilities.Maintenance New version or releases of software with associated updates to documentation, training, and support.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Thank You for Smoking by Nick Naylor

Sneha Maknojia Professor Christopher Dunn English 1302- Essay One 27 February 2013 Thank You for Smoking Thank You for smoking is about a lobbyist name Nick Naylor who is the vice-president of Academy of Tobacco studies. The movie revolves around how Nick smooth-talks everyone into believing that Tobacco is not very harmful. Nick Naylor's main job was to make people aware of the research his academy does and answer questions on television regarding health claims against tobacco. Nick believed everyone has some sort of talent and he has the talent to talk people in or out of an argument.He always knew what to say and when he needs to say it. In the movie Thank You For Smoking the main character Nick Naylor shows the power of how argument when it is done in a correct manner, which can make everything seem right. There were many instances in the movie when Nick showed the power of argument. In the movie he argued himself out of some other argument. Throughout the movie Nick showed the p ower of art and power of argument from the smallest of things to very serious matters.The first instance I thought he showed his knowledge about argument is when he is with his son in Los Angeles and teaching him how you do not have to be right to win an argument. He is teaching his son an art of argument by saying that to win an argument all you have to do is to prove other persons argument wrong. The reason why I thought it was kind of an interesting philosophy of Nick Naylor is because it is kind of true sometimes you do not have to prove yourself right.All you have to do is that prove the other person wrong which will automatically make you correct. The second time I thought Nick Naylor showed his power over arguing is at the beginning of the movie when he is at a television talk show and he was being criticized of how the academy is not doing anything to prevent the number of deaths of children because of tobacco. Here again using his great skill of smooth talking saying that w hy would a tobacco company would want their customers to die. Again he made a point which I thought was very logical.He put an end to this argument by claiming how academy is putting their own money to help persuade kids not to smoke. Nick again using the power of his argument skills by putting the on us on the other guy instead of himself and let the other guy prove his case instead Nick trying to prove his. The third evidence of NickÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s argument abilities is shown at the congressional hearing towards the end. When he was arguing on the issue of people being not informed enough about the dangers of tobacco, he was asked to come in to prove that otherwise.Here again instead of proving his own point, Nick Naylor brought up a whole new argument to get peoples focus off from the tobacco argument. He made another valid point by saying that if tobaccoÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s hazardous warning needs to be more prominent on its packaging because it is great danger to American people health than che ese have to have hazardous warning too. He argued that a lot Americans died because of cholesterol so they should put a more prominent danger warning on cheese related products too.Nick gave a great analogy about people being knowledgeable enough to make their own decisions. Just like cheese do not need a warning sign because people are aware of the danger of cholesterol by eating too much cheese, people who smoke are aware of the harm of tobacco. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s a person own choice what they want to consume and what they do not, people are knowledgeable enough to know what is harmful to them and what is not. These claims that Nick have made about the beauty of arguing supports my thesis about how throughout the Nick Naylor showed the power of argument if it is done correctly.He argued with his counter parts in a manner that it never looked like he was arguing. He talked in such a soft, smooth tone that sometime he was not the one who was defending the argument and it is the other way a round. Some people think arguing never brings any good, but in this movie Nick Naylor showed how arguing, if done correctly, can persuade people to change their way of thinking. I thought the last dialogue of Nick Naylor sums up his talent of arguing quiet brilliantly. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Michael Jordan plays ball. Charles Manson kills people. I talk. Everyone has a talent. Ã¢â‚¬