Learning to Play the Guitar Essay Example For Students

Learning to Play the Guitar Essay The first day I went to my guitar class I was so nervous because I didn’t know anything of how to play or use a guitar. Good thing that I wasn’t by myself, my sister was there since she also wanted to learn to play guitar. When we entered the room there was no one, just the instructor. She welcome us with a happy and friendly â€Å"hi† and told us that her name was Elizabeth Ortiz. We introduced ourselves and she asked us to tell her a little bit about us and why we wanted to learn to play the guitar. My sister talked first, then when it was my turn I told her that when I was little, the guitar was the instrument that caught my attention. The first time I heard and saw someone playing the guitar was when I was 6 years old and at that moment I fell in love with that instrument. What I loved of the guitar were its melodies and rhythms that were coming out of it. I was also impressed of how fast the man was moving his fingers without any problem as he played the guitar. I was so fascinated that I told myself that in the future I would learn how to play the guitar. After we were done talking she taught us the name of each strings that the guitar has, and in reality the names were letters (E, A, D, G, B, E). It was cool because each one had a different sound that helped melodies sound beautiful. Mrs. Ortiz told us that because we are beginners, the acoustic guitar was the one that we had to use and since it was easier. We didn’t have a guitar that day so she let us borrow some of hers. She taught us (G, C, D7) which were some of the easiest chords, then she showed us how to put our fingers in each chord. It was a little bit hard because the ability of my fingers was slow. When I tried G it was easy, then she told us to change to C and when I made the change two of my fingers were in the wrong chords. I made mistakes many times, but the instructor told me that it was okay because it was my first time and that the more I practice it would be easier to move my fingers. She let us borrow her guitar so we could keep practicing and not forget the chords she gave us. The next class was easy and at the end of the class told us to keep practicing. When we get to our guitar lessons Mrs. Ortiz asked us how we were doing with our first chords and I told her that we did well but that the bad thing was that our fingers hurt us and were tired. She told us that it was normal because we weren’t use to it but by time goes on we are not going to feel the pain any more. She quizzed us on the last class chords, we did pretty well because we practice a lot for three days, then later she taught us new chords (D, A7, G) that also were easy. Like the last time, we did the same thing again and we practiced the new chords. She also showed us a song with the last and new chords. She made us join her in the song, but it was hard because we had to move our fingers to each six chords and sometimes we were left behind for the mistakes that we were doing. Next guitar lessons we did the same pretty much but this time we already had our own guitar, our new chords were (E, B7, A). In this class we played the guitar and sang, well the instructor was the one that sang because I can’t or I can but I sing like walrus giving birth were also and I just follow her alone in a low voice. For the other two classes that followed we did the same thing but it changed a little bit and it was hard because in one day we learned (C, G7, F) chords. .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 , .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .postImageUrl , .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 , .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:hover , .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:visited , .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:active { border:0!important; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:active , .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9 .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58ad27a1adec380628609a5bde4405f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hip-Hop Genre and Culture EssayThis chords was hard because chord F is weird, one finger covered the six chords and the other three are a little bit apart. She tried to teach us the easier way but I found it as hard as the one before. This new chords were the ones that gave me a headache. I practiced, I swear I did but F was hard and it got on my nerves and that made it harder for me to learn it. Next class she taught us (C, A-, D-, G7) this chords actually were easier than last class. I practice all of them and I did well but F still was my problem, to overcome it I needed to practice more until I dominated it. Mrs. Ortiz gave us the â€Å"Happy Birthday† song and we practice it a little bit in class and then she told us to keep practicing because the next class we were going to play it by ourselves without her. We went to the next class and played the song and we did well and was surprise because we didn’t make any mistakes. She asked us how we did it and we told her that we practiced a lot that’s why we did a good job. I’m proud of what I had accomplish in this new challenge because I overcame one of my dreams that was learn to play the guitar. I don’t care if I got blisters because it shows the effort I put when learning how to play the guitar. Now I know some of basic chords of playing guitar that I was taught by my guitar teacher. I’m still going to take guitar lessons because I want to learn more and I want get better on my guitar skills. I want to keep playing and learning guitar because I love it and I want to be able to play any song I like. Some of the music that I like have guitar on it like country music, some pop, and Mexican music etc. No matter how hard it was I enjoy being in the class because I learned how to play guitar. I would like be more professional so I can play the songs that I like and maybe in the future make my own music.

Management Occupational Health and Safety

Questions: 1. Explain what you understand about OHS. 2. What is the role of Safe Work, Australia? 3. What is the name of the Victorian Act of Parliament that deals with OHS? 4. Explain the differences between Acts of Parliament, Regulations and Codes of Conduct. (You will find some help on the Worksafe webpage. Explain what each is and then compare them.) 5. List 8 items an employer could find useful from the Worksafe website. 6. Read the following case study and answer the question below:An employee had her hand almost totally severed after it was caught in an inadequately guarded rubbish compacter. The woman was cleaning around the bottom of the machine on the understanding that it was inoperative due to a power shutdown.However, the rubbish compacter was on a different power source from the rest of the machines. The woman also had limited command of written English and the company provided information to employees in English only.What should have been done by staff and management in this example? Answers: 1. Occupational health and safety: Occupational health and safety is concerned with the issue of protecting and safeguarding the health and welfare of people at their work place. The highest degree of safety is the vital human right and should be easily accessible to every worker. The workers should be able to work in an environment that is free from hazards. Work hazards ruins social and family lives of employees and the quality of their lives. The government of Australia spends a minimum amount of 60 billion on employee safety. 2. Safe work Australia: Safe Work Australia is a government statutory institution, which was established in the year 2009 under the act of Safe Work Australia 2008. The prime focus of this institution is to improvise the working environment. In the context of food industry, food industry in Australia is one of the riskiest places to work in. The managers have to plan the layout of the restaurants complying with this act as per the government norms. In many of the cases, the chefs, assistants and waiters are the most affected personnel. By certifying simple health and standards of safety, these restaurants can deliberately lower the risks of accidents (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2015). 3. Victorian Act of Parliament (Occupational health and safety Act of 2004): The act of occupational health and safety 2004 looks upon the safety of the workplace and supports people who have been injured because of the work hazard. The Victorian employers fund the organization as they pay a part of their remuneration, which forms a part of the insurance coverage (Australia.gov.au, 2015). It accounts to take a liable, productive approach to safeguard employees at workplace. It runs an amount of high- profile advertisements campaigns to promote the Act. It does campaigns like work safe week and makes the employees as well as the employers aware of the Act. 4. Difference between act of Parliament regulation and the code of conduct: Act of parliament regulation: Australian government follows a system of Acts, codes and regulation that is the main principal of the workplace health, safety and welfare. It is very necessary for the owners of organizations, managers and employees to understand the hazardous nature of their place of work (enquiries, 2015). Code of conduct: Occupational health and safety codes of practice are practical guides of achieving standards. To practically apply the laws that is mandatory in this regard. The difference between both of them is that even though the law for safe health of the employee is enacted but there are many states, which still have not complied with it. The difference lies in the enactment and the actual application (Austlii.edu.au, 2015). 5. The list of items that might be useful to an employer are: 1. Automatic audible alarms: These alarms are audible from every point at the workplace if any accident takes place.2. Lights: Enough points of lights should be places so that workplace is bight and the employees do not find difficulties to work.3. Motion sensors can be used to detect the hazards through movement of various appliances.4. Fire alarms: Fire alarms can be used to detect if there is some smoke inside the kitchen and is unnoticed. 5. Emergency stops can be used as a measure to vacate a place in case of an emergency.6. Safety uniforms should be suggested to the employees and those clothes should be used that do not catch fire easily.7. Environmental protection: The employers should comply with the environmental checks and should not damage them.8. Heavy machine: if the plant has heavy machines then proper signboards should be assigned to safeguard the employees from hazards (Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, 2015). 6. The case study: According to the Occupational and safety act 2004, if a workers is injured at his/her workplace, then the organization is liable to pay the compensation he/she deserves. Therefore, in this case, the employee will get compensation so that she could get her the best treatment and resume back to her work (Ohsrep.org.au, 2015). Bibliography Austlii.edu.au, (2015).Occupational Health And Safety Act 2004. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/vic/consol_act/ohasa2004273/ [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Australia.gov.au, (2015).Occupational health and safety | australia.gov.au. [online] Available at: https://www.australia.gov.au/topics/health-and-safety/occupational-health-and-safety [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. enquiries, G. (2015).Occupational health and safety harmonisation | Department of Employment. [online] Employment.gov.au. Available at: https://employment.gov.au/occupational-health-and-safety-harmonisation [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Ohsrep.org.au, (2015).The OHS Act - OHS Reps. [online] Available at: https://www.ohsrep.org.au/law-rights/ohs-legislation/the-ohs-act [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, (2015).Home - Safe Work Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015]. Safeworkaustralia.gov.au, (2015).Victoria regulators - Safe Work Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/swa/about/who-we-work-with/regulators/vic-regulators/pages/vic-regulators [Accessed 26 Feb. 2015].

Writing Lesson Plans For Lesson Plans - A Few Ideas

Writing Lesson Plans For Lesson Plans - A Few IdeasWhat lessons learned, do you think you can incorporate into your next lesson plan? Although this is a broad statement, it can really be any topic you wish to discuss. Whatever topic you choose, there is usually some way that you can work in a lesson learned in your new lesson plan. Read on to discover more.The first thing to remember is that you should always start your topics from a strong foundation. Focus on the topic of the lesson rather than the relationship between your topic and your essay topic. By starting off with a strong topic you will create a greater possibility of getting your topic picked up by a search engine which will increase your exposure and placement for search engine results in addition to increasing your exposure to free eBook/video downloads.Next you should find out the exact length of your next lesson plan and commit to it. Do not change the plan once it is written. This is not always possible for many reas ons such as a scheduling conflict or job changes which can create issues for you. Always make sure you are sticking to your plan.Now the next step would be to write up your essay topics in order to get started. You could start with the three most prominent topics. You could begin with the story of the course and then move to the chapter titles and finally to the concluding section, this is where the lessons learned will be revealed.If you have one semester that is due or may be due to begin, you could start your planning now. Your plan should include a preliminary keyword search so that you know what keyword phrases you will be using for the essay. You may want to check with one of your classmates or professors to see if they will allow you to use their name in the essay or if they will allow you to use a part of their name.After you know what lesson you want to write an essay about, you should come up with a topic that has similarities to the subject of the lesson. For example, if you are going to write an essay about human anatomy, you can begin with the brain and the central nervous system. Or if you are going to write an essay about being married you can start with the marital vows. Whatever lesson you decide to write your essay about, you can start to narrow down your topic in preparation for writing the essay.The last part of your lesson plan is to write the essay. Once you have begun to write the essay, be sure to work on only the topic you decided upon and keep your essay simple. Be sure that you are only focusing on the topic you chose for your essay and do not stray into the article writing world.

What Solutions Are Possible to the Free Rider Problem, Both Inside and Outside of Government free essay sample

Outline of the Chapter †¢ Bond pricing and sensitivity of bond pricing to interest rate changes †¢ Duration analysis – What is duration? – What determines duration? †¢ Convexity †¢ Passive bond management – Immunization †¢ Active bond management 16-2 Interest Rate Risk †¢ There is an inverse relationship between interest rates (yields) and price of the bonds. †¢ The changes in interest rates cause capital gains or losses. †¢ This makes fixed-income investments risky. 16-3 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) 16-4 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) What factors affect the sensitivity of the bonds to interest rate fluctuations? †¢ Malkiel’s (1962) bond-pricing relationships – Bond prices and yields are inversely related. – An increase in a bond’s YTM results in a smaller price change than a decrease in yield of equal magnitude. – Prices of long-term bonds tend to be more sensitive to interest rat e changes than prices of short-term bonds. 16-5 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – The sensitivity of bond prices to changes in yields increases at a decreasing rate as maturity increases. We will write a custom essay sample on What Solutions Are Possible to the Free Rider Problem, Both Inside and Outside of Government or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page – Interest rate risk is inversely related to the bond’s coupon rate. Homer and Liebowitz’s (1972) bond-pricing relationship – The sensitivity of a bond’s price to change in its yield is inversely related to the YTM at which the bond currently is selling. 16-6 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ Why and how different bond characteristics affect interest rate sensitivity? 16-7 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ Duration – Macaulay’s duration: the weighted average of the times to each coupon or principal payment made by the bond. †¢ Weight applied to each payment is the present value of the payment divided by the bond price. wt D CFt /(1 y ) t , Bondprice T T wt t 1 1 t * wt t 1 16-8 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ Example: 16-9 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – Duration is shorter than maturity for all bonds except zero coupon bonds. – Duration is equal to maturity for zero coupon bonds. †¢ Why duration is important? – Simple summary statistic of the effective average maturity of the portfolio. – Tool for immunizing portfolios from interest rate risk. – Measure of the interest rate sensitivity of a portfolio. 16-10 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – The long-term bonds are more sensitive to interest rate movements than are short-term bonds. – By using duration we can quantify this relation. P P D (1 y ) 1 y 16-11 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – Modified Duration: †¢ Measure of the bond’s exposure to changes in interest rates. †¢ The percentage change in bond prices is just the product of modified duration and the change in the bond’s yield to maturity. †¢ Note that the equations are only approximately valid for large changes in the bond’s yield. D* P P (1 D /(1 D* y) y) y y 16-12 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) †¢ What determines Duration? – The duration of a zero-coupon bond equals its time to maturity. – Holding maturity constant, a bond’s duration is higher when the coupon rate is lower. Holding the coupon rate constant, a bond’s duration generally increases with its time to maturity. †¢ For zero-coupon bonds the maturity=the duration †¢ For coupon bonds duration increases by less than a year with a year’s increase in maturity. 16-13 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) – Ho lding other factors constant, the duration of a coupon bond is higher when the bond’s yield to maturity is lower. †¢ At lower yields the more distant payments made by the bond have relatively greater present values and account for a greater share of the bond’s total value. The duration of a level perpetuity is equal to: (1+y) / y †¢ The PV-weighted CFs early on in the life of the perpetuity dominate the computation of duration. 16-14 Interest Rate Risk (Continued) 16-15 Convexity †¢ By employing the duration concept we can analyse the impact of interest rate changes on bond prices. – The percentage change in the value of a bond approximately equals the product of modified duration times the change in the bond’s yield. – However if this formula were exactly correct then the graph of the percentage change in bond prices as a function of the change in ts yield would be a straight line, with a slope D*. 16-16 Convexity (Continued) †¢ The duration rule is a good approximation for small changes in bond yields. †¢ The duration approximation always understates the value of the bond. †¢ It underestimates the increase in price when yields fall. †¢ It overestimates the decline in prices when yields rise. †¢Due to the curvature of the true price-yield relationshipconvexity 16-17 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Convexity is the rate of change of the slope of the price-yield curve, expressed as a fraction of the bond price. Higher convexity refers to higher curvature in the price-yield relationship. – The convexity of noncallable bonds are usually positive. – The slope of the cuve that shows the price-yield relation increases at higher yields. Convexity 1 P (1 y ) 2 n t 1 CFt (t 2 t ) (1 y )t 16-18 Convexity (Continued) †¢ We can improve the duration approximation for bond price changes by taking into account for convexity. †¢ The new equation becomes: P P D y 1 [Convexity ( y ) 2 ] 2 †¢ The convexity becomes more important when potential interest rate changes are larger. 16-19 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Why convexity is important? †¢ In the figure bond A is more convex than bond B. †¢The price increases are more in A when interest rates fall. †¢The price decreases are less in A when interest rates rise. 16-20 †¢ Callable Bonds Convexity (Continued) – When interest rates are high the curve is convex. The price-yield curve lies above the tangency line estimated by the duration approximation. – When interest rates are low the curve is negative convex (concave). The priceyield curve lies beolw the tangency line. 16-21 Convexity (Continued) In the region of negative convexity the price-yield curve exhibits an unattractive asymmetry. †¢ Increase in interest rates causes a larger price decline than the price gain due to the decrease in interest rates. †¢ Bondholders are compensated with lower prices and higher yields. – Effective Duration Effectiveduration P/P r 16-22 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Macaulayâ₠¬â„¢s Duration – The weighted average of the time until receipt of each bond payment. †¢ Modified Duration – Macaulay’s duration divided by (1+y). – Percentage change in bond price per change in yield. †¢ Effective Duration Percentage change in bond price per change in market interest rates. 16-23 Convexity (Continued) †¢ Mortgage-Backed securities – In a sense similar to callable bonds-subject to negative convexity. – If mortgage rates decrease then homeowners may decide to take a new loan at lower rate and pay the principal for the first mortgage. – Thus there is a ceiling for the bond price written on these mortgage loans as in callable bonds. 16-24 Passive Bond Management †¢ Passive managers take bond prices as fairly set and try to control only the risk of their fixed-income portfolio. Indexing Strategy – Attempts to replicate the performance of a given bond index. – A bond-index portfolio will h ave the same risk-reward profile as the bond market index to which it is tied. †¢ Immunization Strategy – Designed to shield the overall financial status of the institution from exposure to interest rate fluctuations. – Try to establish a zero-risk profile, in which interest rate movements have no impact on the value of the firm. 16-25 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Bond-Index Funds – Form a portfolio that mirrors the composition of an index that measures the broad market. The major bond indexes in USA are Lehman Aggregate Bond Index, Salomon Smith Barney Broad Investment Grade (BIG) Index, and Merill Lynch U. S. Broad Market Index. – They are market-value weighted indexes of total return. They include government, corporate, mortgage backed, and Yankee bonds with maturity over a year. 16-26 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – They are not easy to replicate however: †¢ There are more than 5000 securities. †¢ Rebalancing problems †¢ Immunization – Banks and pension funds in general try to protect their portfolios from interest rate risk altogether. Banks try to protect the current net worth (net market value) of the firm against interest rate fluctuations. – Pension funds try to protect the future value of their portfolios since they have an obligation to make payments after several years. 16-27 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – Interest rate exposure of the assets and the liabilites should match so the value of assets will follow the value of liabilities whether rates rise or fall. – Duration-matched assets and liabilities let the asset potfolio meet firm’s obligations despite interest rate movements. 16-28 Passive Bond Management (Continued) – What if interest rates change and the duration of the assets and liabilites do not match? †¢ If interest rates increase the fund (asset) the firm has will suffer a capital loss which can affect its ability to meet the firm’s obligations (liabilities). †¢ But the reinvestment rate for the coupon payments will increase so the reinvested coupons will grow at a faster rate. †¢ There will be two offsetting types of interest rate risk: price risk and reinvestment rate risk. – If the durations match, the price risk and reinvestment risk will cancel out each other. 6-29 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ The solid red curve shows the accumulated value of bonds if interest rates remain at 8%. †¢ If interest rates increase at time=t* then the initial impact is capital loss but this loss is offset later by the faster growth rate of reinvested funds. †¢ At the duration time two effects cancel out each ot her. 16-30 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Graph of the PV of the bond and the zero-coupon obligation as a function of interest rate. †¢ For small changes in interest rates the changes in assets and liabilities are same. For greater changes the curves diverge. †¢ Why? †¢ Convexity †¢The asset and liability are not duration-matched across different interest rates. 16-31 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Rebalancing immunized portfolios: – As the duration of the assets and liabilities may change because of interest rate fluctuations the portfolio managers have to rebalance their portfolios to match the durations. – Also duration changes with the passage of time. †¢ As time passes the duration of the assets and liabilities will change at different rates. 16-32 Passive Bond Management (Continued) Cash Flow Matching – Buying a zero coupon bond that provides a payment in an amount exactly sufficient to cover the projected cash outlay. †¢ Dedication Strategy – Cash flow matching on a multiperiod basis. – The manager selects either zero-coupon or coupon bonds that provide total cash flows in each period that matches the series of obligations. – Advantage: It is once-and-for-all approach and eliminates the interest rate risk. 16-33 Passive Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Problems of Immunization – In the general duration formula the weights are computed by discounting CFs with the same YTM. If YTM differs than for each CF a present value has to be calculated by using appropriate rate. – Immunization only makes sense for nominal liabilities. †¢ If your future obligation depends on the future inflation you can not immunize it by buying an asset with fixed-income (not indexed). 16-34 Active Bond Management †¢ Finding mispriced securities, especially underpriced ones †¢ Forecasting interest rates – If the decline in interest rates are anticipated the managers will increase the duration of their asset portfolios. – Homer and Liebowitz (1972) characterize portfolio rebalancing activities. 16-35 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Substitution swap – It is an exchange of one bond for another with equal coupon, maturity, quality, call features, sinking fund provisions, and so on. – Motivated by a belief that the market has temporarily mispriced two bonds. †¢ Intermarket spread swap – It is an exchange of bonds when an investor believes that the yield spread between two sectors of the bond market is temporarily out of line. 16-36 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Rate anticipated swap – The investors swap shorter duration bonds with the longer duration ones since they believe that interest rates will decrease. Pure yield pickup swap – The investors swap longer-term bonds with the shorter-term bond when yield curve is upward sloping. 16-37 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Horizon Analysis – Form of interest rate forecasting – The analyst selects a particular holding period and predicts the yield cur ve at end of period – Given a bond’s time to maturity at the end of the holding period its yield can be read from the predicted yield curve and the end-of-period price can be calculated. – The total return over the period is computed as adding the capital gain and coupon income for the holding period. 16-38 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Contingent Immunization – Mixed passive and active strategy. – You have to calculate the funds required to lock in via immunization. – This value is trigger point. – If and when the actual portfolio value dips to the trigger point, active management will cease. 16-39 Active Bond Management (Continued) †¢ Panel A: the portfolio falls in value and hits the trigger at time t* then the immunization strategy pursued and portfolio rises to planned terminal value. †¢ Panel B: the portfolio never reaches the trigger point and is worth more than the planned terminal value. 16-40

Bounty Land Warrants From 1775 to 1885

Bounty Land Warrants From 1775 to 1885 Bounty land warrants were grants of free land issued to veterans in return for military service from the time of the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Revolutionary War through 1855 in the United States. They contained the surrendered warrant, a letter of assignment if the warrant was transferred to another individual, and other papers pertaining to the transaction. What Are Bounty Land Warrants in Detail Bounty land is a grant of free land from a government given to citizens as a reward for service to their country, generally for military-related service. Most bounty-land warrants in the United States were given to veterans or their survivors for wartime military service performed between 1775 and 3 March 1855. This includes veterans who served in the American Revolution, the War of 1812 and the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Mexican War. Bounty land warrants werent automatically issued to every veteran who served. The veteran first had to apply for a warrant and then, if the warrant was granted, he could use the warrant to apply for a land patent. The land patent is the document which granted him ownership of the land. Bounty land warrants could also be transferred or sold to other individuals.   They were also used as a way to provide evidence of military service, especially in cases where a veteran or his widow did not apply for a pension How They Were Awarded Revolutionary War bounty land warrants were first awarded through an  act of Congress on 16 September 1776. They were last awarded for military service in 1858, although the ability to claim bounty land previously earned extended until 1863. A few claims that were tied up in the courts caused lands to be granted as late as 1912. What You Can Learn From Bounty Land Warrants A bounty land warrant application for a veteran of the Revolutionary War, War of 1812 or the Mexican War will include the individuals rank, military unit and period of service. It will also generally provide his age and place of residence at the time of application. If the application was made by the surviving widow, it will usually include her age, place of residence, the date and place of marriage, and her maiden name. Accessing Bounty Land Warrants Federal bounty land warrants are kept at the National Archives in Washington D.C. and can be requested through the mail on NATF Form 85 (Military Pension/Bounty Land Warrant Applications) or ordered online.

Racial and Gender Discrimination and Sterilization Essay

Racial and Gender Discrimination and Sterilization - Essay Example Eugenic sterilization is the process of performing forceful human sterilization on individuals who have been diagnosed with mental diseases or insanities such as schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, feeblemindedness, or epilepsy (Myerson, Ayer and Putnam 82–136). The main purpose of performing eugenic sterilization is to prevent the increase in the population of those individuals who have defective genes that can be inherited by their future children and who do not possess the self-control necessary to ensure children are not conceived. As an effective prevention method for unwanted pregnancies, the preservation of social standing of people who belong to upper- and middle-class families, and a permanent control over the rapid family growth of people in the lower-class societies (Revenel), men and women in the United States have been either given the option or forced to participate in one of two procedures – either tubal ligation (the cutting of fallopian tubes in women) or vasectomy (the cutting of vas deferens in men) since the 1900s (Myerson, Ayer and Putnam; Revenel). At the same time, it has been commonly reported that most African Americans experience racism and prejudice when it comes to receiving health care services throughout the United States (Benkert and Peters; Gamble; Krieger and Fee). To prove that gender and racial discrimination in forced human sterilization have existed since the early 1900s, a literature review will be gathered to examine the medical practices that took place in California and the United States during this time period. Based on the gathered evidence, it is expected to be discovered whether the controversy behind the issue of gender and racial discrimination in forced human sterilization still exists in the United States today.

Assault Weapons in America Issue Research Paper

Assault Weapons in America Issue - Research Paper Example The research and study on this issue will help in the understanding of the meaning of assault weapons and their features, and the connection to human assault and killings in the United States of America. The research is also important in exploring the measures taken by the American federal government in countering the use of assault rifles, in addition to public opinion and support on the same. The research also objects at exploring the set up legislations for prohibition of importation, ownership, transportation and use of assault weapons. There is also an exploration of the most affected states in America, and their respective state bans on assault rifles. The history of assault rifles in the United States is also a core objective of this research study to provide extra information about assault rifles for a better understanding.On 13th September, 1994, the American Congress adopted the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 that prohibited the manufacturing, transpo rtation or possession of assault weapons. This Act was an amendment of the Gun Control Act of 1968. Though this Act was critical in controlling the manufacture, possession and use of assault weapons, there were specifics of firearms, shotguns and pistols that had at least two specified features (United States, 2009). These specifications created a large loophole for the manufacturers to circumvent the law by modifying the already produced weapons, since the Act applied only to weapons manufactured. after the enactment (Gaines & Kappeler, 2011). This created a loophole for manufacturers to circumvent the law through modifications, and continued transportation of